RSA概述

RSA概述

首先看这个加密算法的命名.很有意思,它其实是三个人的名字.早在1977年由麻省理工学院的三位数学家Rivest、Shamir 和 Adleman一起提出了这个加密算法,并且用他们三个人姓氏开头字母命名.
RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法,其玩法打破了以往所有加密算法的规则.在RSA出现之前,所有的加密方法都是同一种模式:加密解密的规则使用同一种方式.这种长达几个世纪的加密方案有一个致命的缺陷.在传递加密信息时,必须让对方拿到解密的规则才能正常解密.由于加密解密的规则一致,所以保存和传递"密钥"，就成了最头疼的问题。
RSA的出现解决了这个问题.我们来看看RSA是怎么玩的.

生成RSA私钥,密钥长度为1024bit

hank$ openssl genrsa -out private.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

..++++++

..........................................++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

从私钥中提取公钥

hank$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem

writing RSA key

显得非常高大上对吧!那么它里面是什么,我们可以利用终端进行查看.

//查看私钥文件

hank$ cat private.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICWwIBAAKBgQDbGfA0XdkIpK5h2O9mg5o35pitxwiHDnlpBTCTUH+pkGMdDe6d
9nVQDr61QUEMWAgbnb/irTXh5VigGhHDbG/4kmVy1BgSfLxUx50jmm7jnvnS4Hrb
65g920x26gaBW+I9n9cHF/QShrqaNXP9DDeqhqNzdmrkaaAQQkQ9liN6awIDAQAB

AoGAU0gdvNn7WES4oCrEfPQDF8KIQG3KOQPwdFHrr+NGU161veKA0/xNhTvFk8IV

BqsjkdO5j2EFfTMfJ+Qg4maCfIZN+xknosXRUF3vz5CUz/rXwBupOlOiWFJbB6cV
/Jee045DjiHjciip/ZVd8A2xnUEg4pIFUujAFPH+22t5TvkCQQD73bRqCQF9sWIA

tBeNR10Mygx5wrwKvjgCvaawsgx82kuAb3CWR0G81GfU+lK0YaHdmcFHsAHlDncM

OtY6IPnNAkEA3rKP6+/jUoylsJPWuN9LyuKjtAlsNtbWaYvs8iCNhLyV9hoWjvow

AAZB1uWy5aLDtQI3v48beExwsJEFAlQtFwJASTkKU21s1or0T/oLgtJFdgtjlx6L

JqBojjtus53/zWh1XNCJLddngCtMSHnCA5kCwvcJXvsHgf0zlQWh9GJT3QJAY0+q

EwN1kpiaQzaKqQMbX6zWaDFTitkf4Q2/avLNaYZYMdnMeZJk2X3w2o6wyutc71m/
1rNRAsLD9lmVrEYxnQJAEAHb0lsRgWe/sXX2attg4NbDsEExqDZ+7GGsyvqZn1Xg
S/UPdt6rVkVQ3N7ZEPKV6SxwN9LySI4lVWmFWhCn6w==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
//查看公钥文件

hank$ cat public.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDbGfA0XdkIpK5h2O9mg5o35pit

xwiHDnlpBTCTUH+pkGMdDe6d9nVQDr61QUEMWAgbnb/irTXh5VigGhHDbG/4kmVy
1BgSfLxUx50jmm7jnvnS4Hrb65g920x26gaBW+I9n9cHF/QShrqaNXP9DDeqhqNz

dmrkaaAQQkQ9liN6awIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

//转化为明文信息

hank$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -text -out private.txt

writing RSA key
//查看文本信息

hank$ cat private.txt
Private-Key: (1024 bit)

modulus:
00:db:19:f0:34:5d:d9:08:a4:ae:61:d8:ef:66:83:
9a:37:e6:98:ad:c7:08:87:0e:79:69:05:30:93:50:
7f:a9:90:63:1d:0d:ee:9d:f6:75:50:0e:be:b5:41:
41:0c:58:08:1b:9d:bf:e2:ad:35:e1:e5:58:a0:1a:
11:c3:6c:6f:f8:92:65:72:d4:18:12:7c:bc:54:c7:
9d:23:9a:6e:e3:9e:f9:d2:e0:7a:db:eb:98:3d:db:
4c:76:ea:06:81:5b:e2:3d:9f:d7:07:17:f4:12:86:

    ba:9a:35:73:fd:0c:37:aa:86:a3:73:76:6a:e4:69:

    a0:10:42:44:3d:96:23:7a:6b

publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)

privateExponent:
53:48:1d:bc:d9:fb:58:44:b8:a0:2a:c4:7c:f4:03:
17:c2:88:40:6d:ca:39:03:f0:74:51:eb:af:e3:46:
53:5e:b5:bd:e2:80:d3:fc:4d:85:3b:c5:93:c2:15:
06:ab:23:91:d3:b9:8f:61:05:7d:33:1f:27:e4:20:

    e2:66:82:7c:86:4d:fb:19:27:a2:c5:d1:50:5d:ef:

    cf:90:94:cf:fa:d7:c0:1b:a9:3a:53:a2:58:52:5b:
07:a7:15:fc:97:9e:d3:8e:43:8e:21:e3:72:28:a9:

    fd:95:5d:f0:0d:b1:9d:41:20:e2:92:05:52:e8:c0:
14:f1:fe:db:6b:79:4e:f9

prime1:
00:fb:dd:b4:6a:09:01:7d:b1:62:00:b4:17:8d:47:
5d:0c:ca:0c:79:c2:bc:0a:be:38:02:bd:a6:b0:b2:
0c:7c:da:4b:80:6f:70:96:47:41:bc:d4:67:d4:fa:
52:b4:61:a1:dd:99:c1:47:b0:01:e5:0e:77:0c:3a:

    d6:3a:20:f9:cd

prime2:
00:de:b2:8f:eb:ef:e3:52:8c:a5:b0:93:d6:b8:df:
4b:ca:e2:a3:b4:09:6c:36:d6:d6:69:8b:ec:f2:20:
8d:84:bc:95:f6:1a:16:8e:fa:30:00:06:41:d6:e5:

    b2:e5:a2:c3:b5:02:37:bf:8f:1b:78:4c:70:b0:91:
05:02:54:2d:17

exponent1:
49:39:0a:53:6d:6c:d6:8a:f4:4f:fa:0b:82:d2:45:
76:0b:63:97:1e:8b:26:a0:68:8e:3b:6e:b3:9d:ff:

    cd:68:75:5c:d0:89:2d:d7:67:80:2b:4c:48:79:c2:
03:99:02:c2:f7:09:5e:fb:07:81:fd:33:95:05:a1:

    f4:62:53:dd

exponent2:
63:4f:aa:13:03:75:92:98:9a:43:36:8a:a9:03:1b:
5f:ac:d6:68:31:53:8a:d9:1f:e1:0d:bf:6a:f2:cd:
69:86:58:31:d9:cc:79:92:64:d9:7d:f0:da:8e:b0:

    ca:eb:5c:ef:59:bf:d6:b3:51:02:c2:c3:f6:59:95:

    ac:46:31:9d

coefficient:
10:01:db:d2:5b:11:81:67:bf:b1:75:f6:6a:db:60:

    e0:d6:c3:b0:41:31:a8:36:7e:ec:61:ac:ca:fa:99:
9f:55:e0:4b:f5:0f:76:de:ab:56:45:50:dc:de:d9:
10:f2:95:e9:2c:70:37:d2:f2:48:8e:25:55:69:85:
5a:10:a7:eb
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICWwIBAAKBgQDbGfA0XdkIpK5h2O9mg5o35pitxwiHDnlpBTCTUH+pkGMdDe6d
9nVQDr61QUEMWAgbnb/irTXh5VigGhHDbG/4kmVy1BgSfLxUx50jmm7jnvnS4Hrb
65g920x26gaBW+I9n9cHF/QShrqaNXP9DDeqhqNzdmrkaaAQQkQ9liN6awIDAQAB

AoGAU0gdvNn7WES4oCrEfPQDF8KIQG3KOQPwdFHrr+NGU161veKA0/xNhTvFk8IV

BqsjkdO5j2EFfTMfJ+Qg4maCfIZN+xknosXRUF3vz5CUz/rXwBupOlOiWFJbB6cV
/Jee045DjiHjciip/ZVd8A2xnUEg4pIFUujAFPH+22t5TvkCQQD73bRqCQF9sWIA

tBeNR10Mygx5wrwKvjgCvaawsgx82kuAb3CWR0G81GfU+lK0YaHdmcFHsAHlDncM

OtY6IPnNAkEA3rKP6+/jUoylsJPWuN9LyuKjtAlsNtbWaYvs8iCNhLyV9hoWjvow

AAZB1uWy5aLDtQI3v48beExwsJEFAlQtFwJASTkKU21s1or0T/oLgtJFdgtjlx6L

JqBojjtus53/zWh1XNCJLddngCtMSHnCA5kCwvcJXvsHgf0zlQWh9GJT3QJAY0+q

EwN1kpiaQzaKqQMbX6zWaDFTitkf4Q2/avLNaYZYMdnMeZJk2X3w2o6wyutc71m/
1rNRAsLD9lmVrEYxnQJAEAHb0lsRgWe/sXX2attg4NbDsEExqDZ+7GGsyvqZn1Xg
S/UPdt6rVkVQ3N7ZEPKV6SxwN9LySI4lVWmFWhCn6w==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

通过公钥加密数据,私钥解密数据

//生成明文文件

hank$ vi message.txt
//查看文件内容

hank$ cat message.txt

密码:123456
//通过公钥进行加密

hank$ openssl rsautl -encrypt -in message.txt -inkey public.pem -pubin -out enc.txt
//通过私钥进行解密

hank$ openssl rsautl -decrypt -in enc.txt -inkey private.pem -out dec.txt

通过私钥加密数据,公钥解密数据

//通过私钥进行加密

hank$ openssl rsautl -sign -in message.txt -inkey private.pem -out enc.txt
//通过公钥进行解密

hank$ openssl rsautl -verify -in enc.txt -inkey public.pem -pubin -out dec.txt